I don't think so. :-) These expressions have something in common. I have to confess that I tried to pose a hard riddle.
I try to make it less difficult by adding inappropriate counterparts.
1. 'adopt', but not 'adoptee'
2. 'dim', but not 'dime'
3. 'bow', but not 'bowel'
4. 'cent', but not 'century'
5. 'deny', but not 'denial'
6. 'first', but not 'second'
7. 'forty', but not 'eighty' (even though eighty is a “near miss”)
8. 'art', but not 'painting'
9. 'fist', but not 'feast'
10. 'nosy', but not 'nose'
11. 'cop', but not 'cope'
12. 'defy', but not 'defeat'
13. 'ant', but not 'and'
14. 'any', but not 'many'
15. 'bent', but not 'broken'
16. 'abhor', but not 'loathe'
17. 'deity', but not 'god'
18. 'blow', but not 'sex' (makes me think of Bill Clinton) ;-)
19. 'chips', but not 'fish'
20. 'best', but not 'unbeatable'